Page 12 - Radiation Safety

GAUGING
Material /
Object
Detecto
Source r Level •Max or Min
I = I e -((μ/ρ) / x ) •ɤ-Transmission (Cs-137)
i
o
I •n-Backscatter
I i I o Source i
•Density material
Detecto
Transmission I = I ( 1 - e -((μ/ρ) / x) ) Density
i
o
r •ɤ, ß-Transmission
I o •Co-60, Sr-90
Material /
Backscatter Object
•Thick & coating
Thickness
•ɤ,ß-Transmission
Reactive Gauge •ß & ɤ -Backscatter
•Reactive gauge
•Am-241, Cs-137 thick
•Pm-147, Kr-85 coat
Basic Principle
•Soil, sand, concrete
Moisture
•ɤ-Transmission
Applications •n-Backscatter
•Cf-252, Am-Be
NUCLEAR GAUGING •HV
•Pre-amp Weighing •Mass flow in process
•Amp line
•Discriminator/MCA •Conveyor belt
Instrumentation Electronic •Ratemeter •ɤ-Transmission
•Lithology, density, porosity
Oil Logging
•Convert in underground reservoir
Source Source Housing Detector radiation signal •ɤ,n-Backscatter
•Availability •Shielding to attenuation
•Cost •Physical protection •Characteristic •Type Safety features:
•Half-life •Adjust & limit beam •Stability •Scintillation 1. Source
2.
Source Housing
•Type of radiation •Safe handling •Efficiency •Gas Filled- GM 3. Shutter
•Energy •Ruggedness •Semiconductor 4. Source lock
•Intensity •Energy depend. •Neutron 5. Warning sign & label
•Resolving power