Page 3 - Radiation Safety

INTRODUCTION TO RADIATION

Element
Mass Number = A
Proton + Neutron Z X
Atomic Number = e
Proton Electron Shell /
EXAMPLES: e Orbital electrons → Negative charge
2 H 12 C 16 O ATOM e Nucleus
1 6 8
Consist of:
Hydrogen Carbon Oxygen e 1. Neutron → Neutral → No charge
1n, 1p 6n, 6p 8n, 8p 2. Proton → Positive Charge

Photon / Man made
an ATOM
Particulate Electromagnetic Wave
Natural
e Electron Electron X-ray
e shell Radiations that are emitted
from nucleus of an atom
RADIATION e Nucleus Neutron because of instability of
is coming from Alpha Gamma Ray neutron : proton ratio.
Beta
e B +ve (Positron) This unstable nuclide is also
B –ve (Negatron) known as Radionuclide while
the decay activity is referred
as Radioactivity.

RADIOACTIVE
Unstable atoms that emit radiation
Neutron, Alpha α, Beta β, Gamma γ from
their nucleus (Radioactivity Process).

Time taken for all radioactive atoms to
decay depends on its initial amount of
atoms and Decay constant