• Half life - time for activity of radionuclide to reduce by half • Ranges from very short to very long 8 e.g. U-235 (7.13 x 10 y), N-16 (7.13 s) • Activity at time t , A(t) A = A(0) exp(-l t ) t l = ln(2)/T 1/2 0.6931/ T 1/2 (decay constant) 35